Pairing-based authentication protocol for V2G networks in smart grid

[EN] Vehicle to Grid (V2G) network is a very important component for Smart Grid (SG), as it offers new services that help the optimization of both supply and demand of energy in the SG network and provide mobile distributed capacity of battery storage for minimizing the dependency of non-renewable energy sources. However, the privacy and anonymity of users¿ identity, confidentiality of the transmitted data and location of the Electric Vehicle (EV) must be guaranteed. This article proposes a pairing-based authentication protocol that guarantees confidentiality of communications, protects the identities of EV users and prevents attackers from tracking the vehicle. Results from computing and communications performance analyses were better in comparison to other protocols, thus overcoming signaling congestion and reducing bandwidth consumption. The protocol protects EVs from various known attacks and its formal security analysis revealed it achieves the security goals.Roman, LFA.; Gondim, PRL.; Lloret, J. (2019). Pairing-based authentication protocol for V2G networks in smart grid. Ad Hoc Networks. 90:1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2018.08.0151169

An automated model for the assessment of QoE of adaptive video streaming over wireless networks

[EN] Nowadays, heterogeneous devices are widely utilizing Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to transfer the data. Furthermore, HTTP adaptive video streaming (HAS) technology transmits the video data over wired and wireless networks. In adaptive technology services, a client's application receives a streaming video through the adaptation of its quality to the network condition. However, such a technology has increased the demand for Quality of Experience (QoE) in terms of prediction and assessment. It can also cause a challenging behavior regarding subjective and objective QoE evaluations of HTTP adaptive video over time since each Quality of Service (QoS) parameter affects the QoE of end-users separately. This paper introduces a methodology design for the evaluation of subjective QoE in adaptive video streaming over wireless networks. Besides, some parameters are considered such as video characteristics, segment length, initial delay, switch strategy, stalls, as well as QoS parameters. The experiment's evaluation demonstrated that objective metrics can be mapped to the most significant subjective parameters for user's experience. The automated model could function to demonstrate the importance of correlation for network behaviors' parameters. Consequently, it directly influences the satisfaction of the end-user's perceptual quality. In comparison with other recent related works, the model provided a positive Pearson Correlation value. Simulated results give a better performance between objective Structural Similarity (SSIM) and subjective Mean Opinion Score (MOS) evaluation metrics for all video test samples.This work has been partially supported by the "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad" in the "Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia, Subprograma Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento" within the Project under Grant TIN2017-84802-C2-1-P. This study has been partially done in the computer science departments at the (University of Sulaimani and Halabja).Taha, M.; Ali, A.; Lloret, J.; Gondim, PRL.; Canovas, A. (2021). An automated model for the assessment of QoE of adaptive video streaming over wireless networks. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 80(17):26833-26854. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-10934-92683326854801

SDN-DMM for intelligent mobility management in heterogeneous mobile IP networks

[EN] Mobility management applied to the traditional architecture of the Internet has become a great challenge because of the exponential growth in the number of devices that can connect to the network. This article proposes a Software-Defined Networking (SDN)-based architecture, called SDN-DMM (SDN-Distributed Mobility Management), that deals with the distributed mode of mobility management in heterogeneous access networks in a simplified and efficient way, ensuring mainly the continuity of IP sessions. Intent-based mobility management with an IP mapping schema for mobile node identification offers optimized routing without tunneling techniques, hence, an efficient use of the network infrastructure. The simplified mobility control API reduces both signaling and handover latency costs and provides a better scalability and performance in comparison with traditional and SDN-based DMM approaches. An analytical evaluation of such costs demonstrated the better performance of SDN-DMM, and a proof of concept of the proposal was implemented in a real environment.CAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior) - Brasil; Secretaria de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion, Grant/Award Number: TIN2017-84802-C2-1-P; "Convocatoria 2017 - Proyectos I+D+I Programa Estatal de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion, convocatoria excelencia", Grant/Award Number: TIN2017-84802-C2-1-P; FAP-DF ("Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal")-BrazilTorres Cordova, R.; Gondim, PRL.; Llerena, YP.; Lloret, J. (2019). SDN-DMM for intelligent mobility management in heterogeneous mobile IP networks. International Journal of Communication Systems. 32(17):1-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4140131321

Secret sharing-based authentication and key agreement protocol for machine-type communications

[EN] One of the main challenges for the development of the Internet of Things is the authentication of large numbers of devices/sensors, commonly served by massive machine-type communications, which jointly with long-term evolution has been considered one of the main foundations for the continued growth of Internet of Things connectivity and an important issue to be treated in the development of 5G networks. This article describes some protocols for the group-based authentication of devices/sensors in Internet of Things and presents a new group authentication protocol based on Shamir's secret and Lagrange interpolation formula. The new protocol protects privacy, avoids unauthorized access to information, and assists in the prevention of attacks, as replay, distributed denial of service, and man-in-the-middle. A security analysis and comparisons among the 3GPP evolved packet system authentication and key agreement standard protocol and other recent group authentication protocols were performed toward proving the efficiency of the proposed protocol. The comparisons regard security properties and computational and communication costs. The safety of the protocol was formally verified through simulations conducted by automated validation of internet security protocols and applications.Lopes, APG.; Hilgert, LO.; Gondim, PRL.; Lloret, J. (2019). Secret sharing-based authentication and key agreement protocol for machine-type communications. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks (Online). 15(4):1-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719841003S12115

Mutual Authentication Protocol for D2D Communications in a Cloud-Based E-Health System

The development of the Internet of Things (IoT) predicts several new applications, some of which are designed to be incorporated into e-health systems, and some technologies, like cloud computing and device-to-device communication (D2D), are promising for use in the support of resource-constrained devices employed in Mobile-health (m-health) and Telecare Medicine Information Systems (TMIS). In a scenario with billions of devices predicted for the IoT, it is essential to avoid performance and security problems, among others. Security is fundamental for the achievement of optimal performance regarding the sensibility of e-health shared data and, especially, the anonymity of patients and other entities, while it is also essential to consider the scarcity of bandwidth in wireless networks. This paper proposes a new mutual authentication protocol for m-health systems, which supports D2D communication, ensuring security and surpassing the performance and security of other authentication procedures reported in the literature

Low-Cost Authentication Protocol for D2D Communication in m-Health with Trust Evaluation

Relay-assisted device-to-device (D2D) communication serves users at the edge of system coverage of 5G networks, enabling communication among sensors and patients’ mobile devices, and improving spectral and power efficiency. The security of D2D-based m-health applications requires attention due to the delicacy of the data treated in the collection, transmission, and storage of information on patients, whose devices must be adequately authenticated. However, traditional authentication and key agreement schemes are not suitable for D2D scenarios, since they might expose patients to security vulnerabilities and lead to an excessive use of resources. This article proposes a secure and lightweight scheme based on Shamir secret sharing for the mutual authentication of m-health devices in relay-assisted D2D communications, which provides security robustness and reduces resources (energy, processing) consumption. The manuscript also addresses the trustworthiness of devices involved in data relay and device discovery procedures

Crescimento, partição de fotoassimilados e produção de rizomas em taro cultivado sob sombreamento artificial

O cultivo associado é uma alternativa para culturas de ciclo longo e propriedades com limitação de área. Todavia, para o estabelecimento de associações, há necessidade de conhecer a tolerância das espécies ao sombreamento. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o crescimento de parte aérea, partição de fotoassimilados e produção de rizomas em plantas de taro 'Japonês' cultivadas sob intensidades e períodos de sombreamento artificial. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com 13 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de quatro intensidades de sombreamento (controle = pleno sol; 18; 30 e 50% de sombra, mantidos durante o ciclo todo), além da implementação das intensidades de sombra de 18; 30 e 50%, em três períodos (inicial = 0 a 3; intermediário = 3 a 6 e final = 6 a 9 meses). Aos 60; 90; 120; 150; 180; 210; 240 e 270 dias após o plantio (dat), avaliou-se crescimento de planta e partição de massa entre órgãos e aos 270 dat a produção de rizomas. Plantas sob sombreamento, sobretudo nas maiores intensidades e durante o ciclo todo, apresentaram maior produção de biomassa de parte aérea e de rizomas-mãe e filhos pequenos, em detrimento de rizomas-filho grandes, médios e comerciáveis. A intensidade de 18% de sombra, durante todo o ciclo ou nos períodos inicial e intermediário, foi a que menos afetou o desenvolvimento das plantas e produção de biomassa de rizomas-filho comerciáveis.Intercropping systems between different crops is considered an alternative for farms with limited area. But, for the establishment of these systems, it is fundamental to know the tolerance of the species to light restriction. The growth of the aerial portion and corm yield of 'Japanese' taro cultivated under different levels and periods of shading were determined in this study. The experiment was arranged in four random replicates, with 13 treatments. The experiment was composed of 13 treatments constituted of four levels of shading (control = full sunlight; 18; 30 and 50% of shading, maintained during the whole cycle), and the 18; 30 and 50% of shading in three periods (initial = 0 - 3 months; middle cycle = 3 - 6 months; and final = 6 - 9 months). Plants under light restriction during the whole cycle had, in particular for the higher light restriction, a higher growth of aerial portion and yield of corm (mother rhizome) and small cormels, smaller number of commercial cormels per plant, yield of commercial cormels, and large and medium cormels. The 18% light restriction for the whole cycle and for the initial and middle cycle affected less the total and commercial yield

Os tutores do Proformar e a educação profissional dos agentes de saúde pública: trabalho, meio ambiente, educação e saúde Proformar tutors and the public health agents' professional education: work, environment, education and health

Este estudo se propõe a analisar as concepções de educação profissional dos agentes de saúde pública (ASP) presentes na formulação do Programa de Formação de Agentes Locais em Vigilância em Saúde (Proformar) e como estas concepções são apreendidas pelos tutores do referido Programa no município do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de uma pesquisa empírica, de abordagem qualitativa, com análise de fontes documentais e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os tutores do Proformar lotados no município do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que o propósito do Proformar de capacitar os ASP, tornando-os vigilantes ambientais com visão crítica, é apreendido pelos tutores, entendendo que a construção da identidade do trabalhador de nível médio do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) ocorre no seu processo de trabalho pela compreensão do território-população, como espaço da produção social da saúde. Os tutores assimilam as concepções de educação profissional do ASP, que apontam para o rompimento do conceito de competência calcado na lógica do mercado e da produção, avançando no sentido da valorização da experiência dos trabalhadores e do seu desenvolvimento como sujeitos políticos.<br>This study proposes to analyze the conceptions of professional education for public health agents (agentes de saúde pública - ASP) that are present in the formulation of the Training Programme for Local Agents of Surveillance in Health (Proformar) and assess how well these conceptions are understood by the programme's tutors in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. This is an empirical research, using a qualitative approach, with analysis of documentary sources and semi-structured interviews with the Proformar tutors working in Rio de Janeiro. The research results show that Proformar's objective of training the ASP to become environmental surveyors with a critical vision is understood by the tutors in so far as they understand that the construction of the identity of the Brazilian Health System's secondary level worker happens in his/her work process through the understanding of the territory-population as a space for the social production of health. The tutors assimilate the conceptions of the ASP's professional education that point to a rupture with the concept of competence based on the market/production logic and move on to an appreciation of the workers' experiences and of their development as political subjects

Análise crítica dos diversos métodos de avaliação e registro das más oclusões Critical analyses of some malocclusions register and evaluation methods

Desde o final do século XIX, vários sistemas de classificação tem sido propostos por diversos autores, com a finalidade, inicialmente, de facilitar o diagnóstico e o tratamento ortodôntico e, posteriormente, servir com eficácia e precisão para os estudos epidemiológicos. A classificação de Angle (1899) tornou-se o maior instrumento de medida das más oclusões durante todo o século passado. Por suas limitações, tanto na avaliação das más oclusões nos sentidos vertical e transversal como também pela falta de critérios necessários para ser considerado um instrumento epidemiológico, diversos autores propuseram outros sistemas para substituir o sistema de Angle, e para isso, realizaram testes e estudos comparativos com esses métodos e encontraram excelentes resultados. Contudo, nenhum deles foi largamente utilizado. A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), a partir de 1997, passou a recomendar o uso de registro de natureza quantitativa para a avaliação de má oclusão. No futuro, novos índices deverão ser desenvolvidos e padronizados no estudo da má oclusão.<br>Since de end of century 20th, a number of classification systems have being proposed, by several authors, with the intention of, initially, facilitate the diagnosis and the orthodontic treatment, and later, be of efficiency and precision to the epidemiological studies. The Angle's classification (1899) became the measurements greater instrument of malocclusions during all last century. Because of its limitations, as much in the evaluation of malocclusions in vertical a transversal planes as for the criterion lack needed to be consider as an epidemiological instrument, many authors proposed others systems to replace the Angle's system, and to do so, the carried out many tests and comparatives studies with these methods and found optimal results. However, none of them was largely used. The World Health Organization (WHO), from 1997, started to recommend the use of quantitative nature registers to evaluate malocclusions. In the future, new index will be developed and standardized in the malocclusion study